This White Paper on the ROI and TCO of EMC Data Domain Deduplication and VMware discusses the tangible and intangible benefits of changing to a disk based data protection strategy using deduplication within VMware virtualization environments.  This paper examines three case studies, and includes a detailed ROI and TCO analysis of the savings from leveraging EMC Data Domain deduplication for backup in VMware environments. It discusses the challenges of traditional backup for virtual and physical environments, as well as the ways that deduplication can be used to change the paradigm for data protection (backup and DR) in VMware environments.